Every area we cover
97 council areas in 13 UK city regions, plus New York's 5 boroughs and 50 Bay Area cities. Each page carries the published measurements behind that area's score.
Each city's areas side by side: the Sky Score and its five parts are out of 10, and 10 is best. A dash means that area's page publishes no figure for it.
All of it in one file: download the open data (CSV).
The Bay Area's flight paths, city by city: the Bay Area page.
Bristol
Cardiff
Cardiff: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Caerphilly | 8.2 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 6.3 | 5.6 | –none published | £198,545 |
|---|
| Cardiff | 7.5 | 10.0 | 6.5 | 4.7 | 5.4 | –none published | £272,252 |
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| Newport | 7.4 | 10.0 | 7.7 | 4.0 | 4.1 | –none published | £225,702 |
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| Vale of Glamorgan | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 6.4 | –none published | £300,358 |
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Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Bolton | 7.8 | 10.0 | 8.4 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 7.4 | £204,379 |
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| Bury | 7.5 | 10.0 | 7.2 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 7.2 | £243,107 |
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| Manchester | 5.9 | 5.0 | 6.9 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 6.9 | £256,760 |
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| Oldham | 7.6 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 6.5 | 4.7 | 7.3 | £217,171 |
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| Rochdale | 7.7 | 10.0 | 8.1 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 7.3 | £211,022 |
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| Salford | 7.5 | 10.0 | 7.8 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 6.9 | £223,323 |
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| Stockport | 5.1 | 3.0 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 7.6 | £319,016 |
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| Tameside | 7.7 | 10.0 | 8.1 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 7.2 | £213,026 |
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| Trafford | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 8.4 | 7.0 | 7.5 | £393,897 |
|---|
| Wigan | 7.8 | 10.0 | 8.7 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 7.6 | £194,551 |
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Greater Norwich
Greater Norwich: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Broadland | 5.2 | 3.0 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 8.2 | £313,407 |
|---|
| Norwich | 6.0 | 5.0 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 7.5 | £227,535 |
|---|
| South Norfolk | 7.5 | 10.0 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 8.1 | £307,735 |
|---|
Leicester
London
London: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Barking and Dagenham | 7.1 | 10.0 | 4.5 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.4 | £369,881 |
|---|
| Barnet | 5.9 | 7.5 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 7.9 | 6.8 | £592,892 |
|---|
| Bexley | 6.9 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 6.2 | 7.0 | £414,833 |
|---|
| Brent | 6.0 | 7.5 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 8.1 | 6.4 | £555,687 |
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| Bromley | 6.6 | 10.0 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 6.6 | 7.2 | £520,253 |
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| Camden | 5.4 | 10.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 5.5 | 4.9 | £798,486 |
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| City of London | 4.2 | 7.5 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 4.8 | 3.3 | £726,633 |
|---|
| Croydon | 5.4 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 6.5 | 7.0 | £396,718 |
|---|
| Ealing | 3.8 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 4.6 | 7.5 | 6.8 | £589,875 |
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| Enfield | 6.6 | 10.0 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 6.3 | 6.6 | £474,855 |
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| Greenwich | 5.1 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 6.4 | 6.6 | £462,589 |
|---|
| Hackney | 6.4 | 10.0 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 7.8 | 5.6 | £619,408 |
|---|
| Hammersmith and Fulham | 4.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 8.0 | 6.0 | £754,825 |
|---|
| Haringey | 6.2 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | £633,221 |
|---|
| Harrow | 6.9 | 10.0 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 7.8 | 7.3 | £532,173 |
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| Havering | 6.7 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 6.0 | 7.3 | £444,572 |
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| Hillingdon | 3.3 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 5.7 | 7.1 | £482,137 |
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| Hounslow | 3.4 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 7.2 | 6.5 | £528,051 |
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| Islington | 6.0 | 10.0 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 6.8 | 5.4 | £654,286 |
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| Kensington and Chelsea | 4.2 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 6.9 | 5.3 | £1,204,072 |
|---|
| Kingston upon Thames | 5.8 | 7.5 | 1.3 | 6.7 | 8.0 | 6.0 | £597,587 |
|---|
| Lambeth | 4.9 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 6.9 | 6.4 | £540,198 |
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| Lewisham | 6.0 | 7.5 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 7.2 | 6.6 | £486,416 |
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| Merton | 6.0 | 7.5 | 1.1 | 4.1 | 8.8 | 6.7 | £623,791 |
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| Newham | 4.9 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 7.3 | 6.1 | £388,045 |
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| Redbridge | 6.9 | 10.0 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 7.6 | 6.4 | £484,378 |
|---|
| Richmond upon Thames | 3.5 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 7.8 | 6.7 | £813,931 |
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| Southwark | 5.6 | 7.5 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 6.1 | £569,160 |
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| Sutton | 7.1 | 10.0 | 3.1 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 7.3 | £458,954 |
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| Tower Hamlets | 6.0 | 7.5 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 7.3 | 5.1 | £447,796 |
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| Waltham Forest | 6.4 | 10.0 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 6.4 | 6.5 | £532,212 |
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| Wandsworth | 4.7 | 5.0 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 7.8 | 6.2 | £694,210 |
|---|
| Westminster | 3.8 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 6.1 | 4.2 | £887,206 |
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Merseyside
Merseyside: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Knowsley | 7.7 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 7.8 | £191,550 |
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| Liverpool | 6.2 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 6.6 | 4.2 | 7.6 | £188,427 |
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| Sefton | 7.8 | 10.0 | 7.8 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 8.2 | £221,105 |
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| St Helens | 8.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 6.9 | 4.9 | 7.8 | £186,445 |
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| Wirral | 7.9 | 10.0 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 5.5 | 7.9 | £221,849 |
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New York City
New York City: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Bronx | 7.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 6.4 | –none published | –none published |
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| Brooklyn | 4.6 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 8.5 | 8.0 | –none published | –none published |
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| Manhattan | 4.6 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 6.8 | 8.8 | –none published | –none published |
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| Queens | 4.4 | 0.0 | 6.5 | 9.1 | 7.7 | –none published | –none published |
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| Staten Island | 7.1 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 6.0 | –none published | –none published |
|---|
Affordability and growth are scored among New York City's own areas: not comparable with UK scores.
Nottingham
Nottingham: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Broxtowe | 6.5 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 7.9 | £251,231 |
|---|
| City of Nottingham | 7.8 | 10.0 | 8.9 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 7.0 | £189,547 |
|---|
| Gedling | 6.9 | 10.0 | 7.2 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 7.8 | £245,028 |
|---|
| Rushcliffe | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 8.3 | £329,528 |
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San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco Bay Area: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Median home value |
|---|
| Alameda | 2.5 | 1.5 | 5.9 | –none published | 1.3 | 0.2 | $1,235,700 |
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| Albany | 6.5 | 10.0 | 6.3 | –none published | 3.1 | 5.3 | $1,202,200 |
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| Atherton | 5.9 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | 5.3 | 9.4 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
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| Belmont | 4.6 | 7.5 | 0.0 | –none published | 4.7 | 6.7 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
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| Berkeley | 4.7 | 7.5 | 4.3 | –none published | 1.8 | 4.8 | $1,413,900 |
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| Brisbane | 5.5 | 5.0 | 6.0 | –none published | 5.1 | 6.4 | $1,232,200 |
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| Burlingame | 2.6 | 3.0 | 0.0 | –none published | 4.7 | 2.6 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
|---|
| Campbell | 5.7 | 10.0 | 2.6 | –none published | 3.7 | –none published | $1,617,000 |
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| Colma | 5.8 | 5.0 | 7.8 | –none published | 4.5 | 6.2 | $1,062,000 |
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| Cupertino | 5.1 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | 4.4 | –none published | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
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| Daly City | 5.6 | 5.0 | 7.2 | –none published | 4.3 | 6.1 | $1,115,000 |
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| Dublin | 6.8 | 10.0 | 5.1 | –none published | 4.4 | 7.3 | $1,317,100 |
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| East Palo Alto | 6.2 | 10.0 | 7.3 | –none published | 3.6 | 0.0 | $1,102,600 |
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| Emeryville | 7.7 | 7.5 | 10.0 | –none published | –none published | 3.6 | $604,800 |
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| Foster City | 4.1 | 5.0 | 1.0 | –none published | 5.3 | 5.8 | $1,838,200 |
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| Fremont | 5.6 | 7.5 | 4.4 | –none published | 4.1 | 6.4 | $1,403,800 |
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| Gilroy | 7.4 | 10.0 | 8.2 | –none published | 3.4 | –none published | $1,027,400 |
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| Half Moon Bay | 6.0 | 7.5 | 3.1 | –none published | –none published | 8.1 | $1,549,500 |
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| Hayward | 5.5 | 5.0 | 10.0 | –none published | 2.4 | 3.7 | $854,400 |
|---|
| Hillsborough | 5.1 | 7.5 | 0.0 | –none published | 5.7 | 8.4 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
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| Livermore | 7.2 | 10.0 | 7.3 | –none published | 3.8 | 7.2 | $1,105,600 |
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| Los Altos | 5.3 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | 5.0 | –none published | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
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| Los Altos Hills | 5.6 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | 5.9 | –none published | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
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| Los Gatos | 5.2 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | 4.6 | –none published | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
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| Menlo Park | 4.7 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | 4.2 | 2.8 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
|---|
| Millbrae | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.4 | –none published | –none published | 2.6 | $1,934,900 |
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| Milpitas | 5.4 | 7.5 | 5.8 | –none published | 2.4 | –none published | $1,251,700 |
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| Monte Sereno | 6.1 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | 5.8 | 9.6 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
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| Morgan Hill | 7.0 | 10.0 | 6.2 | –none published | 4.3 | –none published | $1,210,200 |
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| Mountain View | 4.9 | 10.0 | 0.5 | –none published | 2.9 | 6.0 | $1,927,000 |
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| Newark | 5.7 | 7.5 | 6.9 | –none published | 2.2 | 6.0 | $1,142,800 |
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| Oakland | 5.6 | 7.5 | 9.4 | –none published | 0.9 | 3.2 | $929,900 |
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| Pacifica | 4.9 | 3.0 | 5.8 | –none published | 5.0 | 7.1 | $1,249,800 |
|---|
| Palo Alto | 4.4 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | 2.5 | 3.9 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
|---|
| Piedmont | 4.6 | 7.5 | 0.0 | –none published | 3.7 | 8.7 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
|---|
| Pleasanton | 6.0 | 10.0 | 3.2 | –none published | 4.5 | 4.8 | $1,537,100 |
|---|
| Portola Valley | 5.6 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | –none published | 6.6 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
|---|
| Redwood City | 4.1 | 7.5 | 1.3 | –none published | 4.0 | 2.1 | $1,801,700 |
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| San Bruno | 3.7 | 1.5 | 6.2 | –none published | 4.3 | 2.6 | $1,207,500 |
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| San Carlos | 5.8 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | –none published | 7.5 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
|---|
| San Francisco | 5.3 | 7.5 | 4.4 | –none published | 4.3 | 4.2 | $1,394,500 |
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| San Jose | 5.5 | 7.5 | 6.0 | –none published | 2.7 | –none published | $1,233,200 |
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| San Leandro | 3.9 | 1.5 | 10.0 | –none published | 2.0 | 1.6 | $844,200 |
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| San Mateo | 4.0 | 5.0 | 2.6 | –none published | 5.2 | 1.9 | $1,618,700 |
|---|
| Santa Clara | 4.6 | 7.5 | 2.9 | –none published | 2.8 | 5.0 | $1,582,600 |
|---|
| Saratoga | 5.7 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | 5.7 | 7.1 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
|---|
| South San Francisco | 3.5 | 0.0 | 6.4 | –none published | 4.4 | 4.3 | $1,188,800 |
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| Sunnyvale | 4.2 | 7.5 | 1.3 | –none published | 3.8 | 3.4 | $1,801,800 |
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| Union City | 5.1 | 5.0 | 7.3 | –none published | 3.5 | 4.3 | $1,104,900 |
|---|
| Woodside | 5.9 | 10.0 | 0.0 | –none published | –none published | 8.0 | $2M or more (the Census's top code) |
|---|
Affordability is scored among San Francisco Bay Area's own areas, and growth is not scored here. On US scales: crime, road noise and flood risk are scored against California's own figures, and prices among the Bay Area's 50 cities alone. Not comparable with a UK score, nor with New York's.
South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Barnsley | 8.0 | 10.0 | 9.4 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 7.7 | £173,053 |
|---|
| Doncaster | 7.8 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 5.6 | 4.3 | 6.4 | £172,305 |
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| Rotherham | 7.8 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 7.6 | £191,496 |
|---|
| Sheffield | 7.8 | 10.0 | 7.9 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 7.5 | £217,603 |
|---|
Teesside
Teesside: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Darlington | 6.5 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 6.8 | £159,988 |
|---|
| Hartlepool | 7.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 6.6 | 3.1 | 8.1 | £136,894 |
|---|
| Middlesbrough | 7.7 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 5.5 | 2.8 | 7.7 | £142,868 |
|---|
| Redcar and Cleveland | 8.1 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 8.1 | £146,259 |
|---|
| Stockton-on-Tees | 6.3 | 5.0 | 9.5 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 7.8 | £172,698 |
|---|
Tyne and Wear
Tyne and Wear: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Gateshead | 8.2 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 6.3 | 4.6 | 7.4 | £155,550 |
|---|
| Newcastle upon Tyne | 5.4 | 3.0 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 4.5 | 7.5 | £211,255 |
|---|
| North Tyneside | 6.3 | 5.0 | 8.3 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 7.6 | £205,744 |
|---|
| South Tyneside | 8.2 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 7.7 | £160,518 |
|---|
| Sunderland | 8.1 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 6.5 | 4.2 | 7.7 | £147,763 |
|---|
West Midlands
West Midlands: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Birmingham | 5.4 | 3.0 | 7.4 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 7.3 | £234,867 |
|---|
| Coventry | 7.7 | 10.0 | 7.7 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 7.4 | £227,679 |
|---|
| Dudley | 7.6 | 10.0 | 7.5 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 7.5 | £233,819 |
|---|
| Sandwell | 7.8 | 10.0 | 8.3 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 6.9 | £207,065 |
|---|
| Solihull | 4.8 | 3.0 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 7.8 | £332,022 |
|---|
| Walsall | 7.5 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 7.0 | £216,878 |
|---|
| Wolverhampton | 7.7 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 7.7 | £215,801 |
|---|
West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire: each area's Sky Score, its five parts and its average price
| Area | Sky Score | Quiet skies | Affordability | Growth | Liveability | Environment | Average price |
|---|
| Bradford | 7.8 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 7.4 | £185,297 |
|---|
| Calderdale | 7.7 | 10.0 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 4.6 | 6.7 | £197,651 |
|---|
| Kirklees | 7.8 | 10.0 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 5.1 | 7.3 | £208,427 |
|---|
| Leeds | 5.8 | 5.0 | 7.1 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 7.4 | £246,385 |
|---|
| Wakefield | 7.9 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 7.4 | £199,347 |
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